Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
12804 => 1 2 8 0 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
1 to 2 = 1
2 to 8 = 6
8 to 0 = 8
0 to 4 = 4
4 to 1 = 3
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
1 6 8 4 3 = 16843