Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
41014 => 4 1 0 1 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
4 to 1 = 3
1 to 0 = 1
0 to 1 = 1
1 to 4 = 3
4 to 4 = 0
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
3 1 1 3 0 = 31130