Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
45718 => 4 5 7 1 8
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
4 to 5 = 1
5 to 7 = 2
7 to 1 = 6
1 to 8 = 7
8 to 4 = 4
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
1 2 6 7 4 = 12674